In vitro models for liver toxicity testing

In vitro models for liver toxicity testing.

Over the years, various liver-derived in vitro model systems have been developed to enable investigation of the potential adverse effects of chemicals and drugs. Liver tissue slices, isolated microsomes, perfused liver, immortalized cell lines, and primary hepatocytes have been used extensively. Immortalized cell lines and primary isolated liver cells are currently most widely used in vitro mod...

Organotypic liver culture models: Meeting current challenges in toxicity testing

Prediction of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in humans from in vitro data continues to be a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Generally, conventional in vitro hepatic model systems (i.e. 2-D static monocultures of primary or immortalized hepatocytes) are limited by their inability to maintain histotypic and phenotypic characteristics over time in culture, in...

TESTING FOR AUTOCORRELATION IN UNEQUALLY REPLICATED FUNCTIONAL MEASUREMENT ERROR MODELS

In the ordinary linear models, regressing the residuals against lagged values has been suggested as an approach to test the hypothesis of zero autocorrelation among residuals. In this paper we extend these results to the both equally and unequally replicated functionally measurement error models. We consider the equally and unequally replicated cases separately, because in the first case the re...

Alternative models for toxicity testing of xenobiotics.

The alternatives to whole-animal testing include endpoint assays, cell and tissue cultures, use of tissue slices, toxicokinetic modelling, and structure-activity relationships and databases. The use of in vitro systems (subcellular fractions, cell lines, primary cell cultures, tissue slices, organ cultures, etc.) as research tools in toxicology is widespread. In the past few years, the apoptosi...

Toxicity Testing and the Toxicity Testing and the Current Situation in IRAN